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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:34 pm
Time: 11:34 pm
Results for tobacco control
7 results foundAuthor: Efroymson, Debra Title: Somtimes We Win: Tobacco Control Success Stories from Asia Summary: There is much to celebrate in tobacco control. Internationally we are seeing a tremendous positive momentum: country after country has banned tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship; made public places smoke-free; placed stronger – and in many cases graphic – health warnings on cigarette packs; and set tobacco taxes to increase over the rate of inflation. Many other countries are in the process of implementing these proven measures to reduce tobacco use. In the spring of 2010, Australia took the radical step of mandating plain packaging, which should go far in reducing the attractiveness of smoking. Yet progress is not made without difficulty. The tobacco industry has much to lose from all the gains that are being made in tobacco control, and does not accept such loss easily. While what must be done to reduce tobacco use is clear, achieving it is often another matter. In addition to the obstacles put in place by an exceptionally well-funded industry are the challenges of managing and implementing a successful program, including daily and ongoing issues of networking with many and varied partners, getting the public to understand and accept the benefits of smoke-free places, monitoring and encouraging strong law enforcement, and figuring out how to phrase the issue in such a way as to gain the interest and attention of policymakers, media, and potential collaborators. This book, in addressing the above issues and more, provides a collection of tobacco control success stories that illustrate the value of a few different approaches, raise a few questions, and remind us that, through some combination of skill, hard work and luck, we can make progress. If we learn to 2 recognize opportunities as they arise and continue to work hard and intelligently towards the passage and implementation of proven policies, then sometimes, indeed, we will win. The stories presented here are by no means representative of the region, much less the world. They have been selected based on purely practical reasons: places the author has visited and is familiar with the work. The Lao People’s Democratic Republic is over-represented, in large part because so few people know of the good work being done there. Very many more stories have been told and await being told; this collection is simply meant to raise our collective spirits and share a few ideas about successful approaches to tobacco control. Details: Ottawa: HealthBridge, 2010. 113p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 4, 2011 at: http://www.healthbridge.ca/STWW_book_final_version.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Asia URL: http://www.healthbridge.ca/STWW_book_final_version.pdf Shelf Number: 123230 Keywords: Illegal CigarettesIllegal Tobacco (Asia)Tobacco Control |
Author: John, Shoba Title: Enforcement of Tobacco Control Policies: Global Best Practices Summary: The tobacco epidemic is one of the major public health threats facing India today, with one million deaths predicted from tobacco-related illnesses by 2010. Comprehensive tobacco control policies and programme are required to rein in this epidemic. The Government of India has already taken several steps to address the challenges caused by tobacco use. The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act, 2003 is a landmark policy effort in this direction. However, the enforcement and compliance with the law at the national and sub-national levels need to be undertaken in a concerted manner to achieve effective implementation. This report presents international best practices in the implementation of evidence-based tobacco control measures and seeks to identify elements for effective policy enforcement that are applicable to India. The report focuses on global enforcement practices for four tobacco control measures that are significant to the implementation of the Indian tobacco control law: bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship; bans on smoking in public and workplaces; packaging and labeling policies; and regulation of youth access to tobacco. Details: Munbai, India: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2008. 105p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 5, 2011 at: http://www.healthbridge.ca/Enforfement%20PDF.pdf Year: 2008 Country: International URL: http://www.healthbridge.ca/Enforfement%20PDF.pdf Shelf Number: 123232 Keywords: CigarettesIllicit TobaccoTobacco Control |
Author: Canada. Public Safety Canada Title: 2012-2013 Horizontal Evaluation of the Measures to Address Contraband Tobacco: Final Report Summary: This is the 2012-2013 Horizontal Evaluation of the Measures to Address Contraband Tobacco (MACT). Evaluation supports accountability to Parliament and Canadians by helping the Government of Canada to credibly report on the results achieved with resources invested in programs. Evaluation supports deputy heads in managing for results by informing them about whether their programs are producing the outcomes that they were designed to achieve, at an affordable cost; and, supports policy and program improvements by helping to identify lessons learned and best practices. What we examined The government announced the MACT in 2010, to help strengthen tobacco control, and advance initiatives aimed at reducing the availability and demand for contraband tobacco with a particular focus on organized crime activities. Time-limited funding of $17 million over three years was allocated to five federal departments/agencies for the following measures: - Royal Canadian Mounted Police - Combined Forces Special Enforcement Unit - Contraband Tobacco Team in Cornwall, Ontario, for investigative purposes. - A dedicated liaison resource to increase awareness of the dangers of organized crime involvement in contraband tobacco. - Public Prosecution Service of Canada - Legal advice to the Contraband Tobacco Team and prosecution services. - Canada Border Services Agency - Contraband Tobacco Detector Dog Teams in the Vancouver International Mail Center and in the marine port of Montreal. - Research and develop new scientific methods to determine the origin of tobacco and to compare tobacco products to support law enforcement efforts to target criminal groups (herein refer to as the Laboratory). - Canada Revenue Agency - An advertising campaign aimed at increasing public awareness among young adults in Ontario and Quebec concerning the sale of contraband tobacco in financing criminal activities. - Public Safety Canada - Development and delivery of a performance measurement strategy, and to conduct a horizontal evaluation during the third-year. Funding approval requirements for this time-limited initiative specified that an evaluation be conducted in the third year of the Initiative. Over the past decade, the Government of Canada has introduced numerous initiatives to address tobacco control, including the Federal Tobacco Control Strategy (Health Canada) in 2001; the Contraband Tobacco Enforcement Strategy (the Royal Canadian Mounted Police) in 2008; the Task Force on Illicit Tobacco Products (Public Safety Canada) in 2008; and, most recently, the Anti-Contraband Tobacco Force (the Royal Canadian Mounted Police) in 2013 Details: Ottawa: Public Safety Canada, 2014. 48p. Source: Internet Resource: 2014-05-29: Accessed January 30, 2015 at: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2013-hrzntl-vltn-msrs-cntrbnd-tbcc/2013-hrzntl-vltn-msrs-cntrbnd-tbcc-en.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Canada URL: https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2013-hrzntl-vltn-msrs-cntrbnd-tbcc/2013-hrzntl-vltn-msrs-cntrbnd-tbcc-en.pdf Shelf Number: 134498 Keywords: ContrabandIllegal CigarettesIllegal Tobacco (Canada)Organized CrimeTobacco Control |
Author: Fleenor, Patrick Title: Cigarette Taxes, Black Markets, and Crime: Lessons from New York's 50-Year Losing Battle Summary: As large state government budget gaps have opened in the past year, lawmakers across the country are turning to cigarette taxes for added revenue. Twenty states raised cigarette tax rates in 2002, and more hikes may be on the agenda during state legislative sessions in 2003. Proponents of high cigarette taxes portray them as innocuous levies that improve public health. Yet those taxes have long been known to have a dark side. Since the first state cigarette taxes were imposed in the 1920s, black markets and related criminal activity have plagued high-tax jurisdictions. Such activity has proven to be resistant to law enforcement curtailment efforts. Thanks to recent city- and state-level tax hikes, New York City now has the highest cigarette taxes in the country-a combined state and local tax rate of $3.00 per pack. Consumers have responded by turning to the city's bustling black market and other low-tax sources of cigarettes. During the four months following the recent tax hikes, sales of taxed cigarettes in the city fell by more than 50 percent compared to the same period the prior year. New York has a long history of cigarette tax evasion. Former governor Malcolm Wilson dubbed the city the "promised land for cigarette bootleggers." Over the decades, a series of studies by federal, state, and city officials has found that high taxes have created a thriving illegal market for cigarettes in the city. That market has diverted billions of dollars from legitimate businesses and governments to criminals. Perhaps worse than the diversion of money has been the crime associated with the city's illegal cigarette market. Smalltime crooks and organized crime have engaged in murder, kidnapping, and armed robbery to earn and protect their illicit profits. Such crime has exposed average citizens, such as truck drivers and retail store clerks, to violence. The failure of New York policymakers to consider the broader effects of high cigarette taxes has been a mistake repeated across the country in the stampede to maximize tax revenue from this demonized product. Too often, policymakers do not consider these effects in the erroneous belief that people do not respond to government-created economic incentives. The negative effects of high cigarette taxes in New York provide a cautionary tale that excessive tax rates have serious consequences-even for such a politically unpopular product as cigarettes. Details: Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2003. 20p. Source: Internet Resource: Policy Analysis no. 468: Accessed June 4, 2015 at: http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa468.pdf Year: 2003 Country: United States URL: http://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/pubs/pdf/pa468.pdf Shelf Number: 108191 Keywords: Black MarketsCigarettesContraband TobaccoIllegal MarketsTax EvasionTobacco Control |
Author: de Lacy, Elen Title: Illegal Tobacco: Undermining Tobacco Control Measures in Wales Summary: ASH Wales Cymru has identified illegal tobacco as a priority area for tobacco control in Wales. Around 531,000 adults, or approximately 21% of the adult population in Wales, are smokers1. Illegal (or illicit*) tobacco constitutes a serious public health risk by undermining initiatives aimed at reducing smoking rates. Smuggled tobacco is most likely to be sold in deprived areas2 where rates of tobacco consumption are already creating significant ill health in Wales. ASH Wales Cymru is committed to raising awareness of the problem of illegal tobacco among key stakeholders and the Welsh public. Article 1 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) defines illicit trade as 'any practice or conduct prohibited by law and which relates to production, shipment, receipt, possession, distribution, sale or purchase including any practice or conduct intended to facilitate such activity' 3. The main forms of tobacco smuggling are: - Counterfeit - Non-Duty Paid - Cheap Whites/Illegal Whites In 2014 ASH Wales Cymru received a grant from the Tobacco Advisory Group at Cancer Research UK to commission the first ever study into the scale and problem of illegal tobacco across Wales. This study is based on similar work from the 'Tackling Illicit Tobacco for Better Health' programme which has had a measurable effect on the problem in three regions of England (North East, North West, South West)4 . ASH Wales Cymru has produced this report to set out clear recommendations to reduce the availability and consumption of illegal tobacco across Wales. An all-Wales tackling illegal tobacco stakeholder group oversaw this work. As part of this study ASH Wales Cymru commissioned two pieces of work: 1) A pan-Wales illegal tobacco survey conducted by NEMS Market Research** NEMS market research was commissioned in March 2014 to undertake a Wales-wide survey to provide a baseline on illegal tobacco use and to better understand the cheap tobacco market. 2) An enforcement report An enforcement report was commissioned in June 2014 to examine the crime and enforcement aspects of the supply of illegal tobacco in Wales. This has been produced by Steven Hay (Littleton Murdoch Ltd.) who has over 20 years of operational and managerial experience of working in Local Authority Regulatory Services. Details: Cardiff: Ash Wales; Cancer Research UK, 2015. 57p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 30, 2016 at: http://ashwales.org.uk/assets/factsheets-leaflets/illegal-tobacco-undermining-tobacco-control-measures-in-wales-eng.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://ashwales.org.uk/assets/factsheets-leaflets/illegal-tobacco-undermining-tobacco-control-measures-in-wales-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 140102 Keywords: Counterfeit TobaccoIllegal TobaccoIllicit TobaccoOrganized CrimeTobacco ControlTobacco Smuggling |
Author: International Institute for Legislative Affairs (ILA) Title: Tobacco Industry Interference in Kenya: Exposing the tactics Summary: The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in its preamble recognizes '..the need to be alert to any efforts of the tobacco industry to undermine or subvert tobacco control efforts and the need to be informed of the activities of the tobacco industry that have a negative impact on tobacco control efforts.' In Article 5.3 the FCTC goes on to urge parties to protect public health policies relating to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry in accordance with national law. This report is the first step for Kenya towards achieving the spirit of the FCTC in relation to the tobacco industry. The overall objective of this assessment is to better understand the TI presence, operations and tactics in Kenya as well as the policies and structures that exist in relation to countering tobacco industry interference. Section one of the report provides a background with a brief situational analysis of the status of the country in so far as tobacco control is concerned. It recognizes that the country signed and ratified the FCTC and domesticated the same through the Tobacco Control Act of 2007, and has gone ahead to develop a National Tobacco Control Action Plan (NTCAP) for the period 2010- 2015. These are clear indications of the Government's commitment to tobacco control. This section then provides a brief on the objectives of this assessment and the methodology used to collect the data. Section two gives an outline of tobacco farming, manufacture & trade and their impact on the country. We get to see that the total acreage covered by tobacco represents only 0.5% of the total arable land in Kenya. We also find out the estimated numbers of tobacco farmers and how they are linked to the tobacco companies as well as the socio- economic impact of tobacco farming including poverty, child labour and the health complications arising from tobacco farming. Under manufacture the report indicates that while there is an increase in the overall production, the dominance previously enjoyed by the British American Tobacco Kenya Limited (BATK) has been broken with the entry and growth of Mastermind Tobacco Kenya Limited (MTK). We also see that the consumer market in Kenya is continuously being flooded with locally manufactured tobacco products as well as imports in equal measure. These products range from smoke to non smoke and their real (as opposed to nominal) prices are actually reducing making them more affordable and accessible to the greater population; especially the youth who are the main targets of the industry. We also get to understand the contribution of this business to the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and revenues collected. Section three interrogates the activities/ tactics and targets of the tobacco industry including Tobacco Advertising Promotion & Sponsorship (TAPS), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), interference with policy and legislative processes, intimidation & litigation, use of front groups, smuggling and illicit trade of tobacco products. In section four we get to understand the FCTC Article 5.3 implementation in the country by looking at the stakeholders in tobacco control and their specific roles, existing Government structures that address TI interference and the efforts that have been put in place to hold the industry accountable to its activities. It is clear from this section that TI information is inaccessible and sharing of the same is done on an ad hoc basis, creating a challenge in countering the industry tactics both by the Government and the other relevant stakeholders. Finally section five provides some conclusions and recommendations to the Government and other stakeholders for better understanding of the Tobacco Industry that will facilitate countering of their activities and effective implementation of Tobacco Control in Kenya. Details: Nairobi, Kenya: ILA, 2013. 46p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 8, 2016 at: http://ilakenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Ti_interference_in_Kenya.pdf Year: 2013 Country: Kenya URL: http://ilakenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Ti_interference_in_Kenya.pdf Shelf Number: 140243 Keywords: Tobacco ControlTobacco Industry |
Author: World Bank Title: Confronting Illicit Tobacco Trade: A Global Review of Country Experiences Summary: Illicit trade in tobacco products undermines global tobacco prevention and control interventions, particularly with respect to tobacco tax policy. Additionally, tobacco illicit trade often depends on and can contribute to weakened governance. Confronting Tobacco Illicit Trade: A Global Review of Country Experiences, prepared in collaboration with a multisectoral team across different institutions, demonstrates that reducing illicit trade in tobacco products is critical whether viewed from the perspective of public health, public finance, governance, or equity. This publication presents country and regional case studies, covering over 30 countries, and provides practical input regarding how to address tobacco illicit trade. It also summarizes the good practices and recommendations that emerge from the country cases and draws on guidance from the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control's (FCTC) Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products, as well as from the European Union (EU), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Key messages from this report include the following: - Tobacco taxes play only a minor role in illicit trade. - To reduce illicit trade in tobacco products, it is both crucial and feasible for all countries to strengthen tax administration and enforcement. - The strengthening of tax administration and tobacco tax reform should be viewed as mutually complementary. This report demonstrates the importance - and feasibility - of addressing illicit trade in tobacco products as an integral part of tobacco tax reform and comprehensive tobacco control. Details: Washington, DC: World Bank Group, 2019. 706p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 25, 2019 at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677451548260528135/Confronting-Illicit-Tobacco-Trade-a-Global-Review-of-Country-Experiences Year: 2019 Country: International URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/677451548260528135/Confronting-Illicit-Tobacco-Trade-a-Global-Review-of-Country-Experiences Shelf Number: 156631 Keywords: Cigarettes Illegal Trade Illicit Tobacco Illicit Trade Organized Crime Tobacco ControlTobacco Industry Tobacco Products |